Yet the lack of thorough understanding of the challenging contexts undermines the efforts to achieve sustainability outcomes in irrigation. Lying in relatively high rainfall area, irrigation of these areas is supplemental where the rainfall is expected not to meet the crop water requirements. To help ethiopia establish itself as one of africas top sugarcane producers, giving a boost to economic growth, and advancing rural development in the tigre region. With a population of about 92 million, ethiopia is the second most populous country in subsaharan africa. Water use and irrigation management of agronomic crops 3 available for et.
Yet the lack of thorough understanding of the challenging contexts undermines. Irrigation projects in ethiopia global ideas youtube. All except one scheme lie in the blue nile subbasin. In ethiopias arid areas, where pastoralism is the dominant livelihood, practical.
Planning for smallscale irrigation intervention prof. Water resources and irrigation development in ethiopia. Oct 02, 2017 the market for small scale irrigation in ethiopia teamstepup october 2, 2017 drip irrigation industry ethiopia is dotted with small farms, and agriculture is the industry which engages most of the population. Although approximately 84 percent of the inflow to lake nasser at aswan, egypt initiates from ethiopia through the blue and atbara rivers. Ethiopia, the secondmost populous country in subsaharan africa, has experienced significant progress in key human development indicators. Irrigation use in ethiopia dates back several centuries, and continues to be an integral part of ethiopian agriculture. The total area equipped for irrigation in ethiopia in the nile basin is about 91,000 ha.
Using data from a crosssectional household survey collected in ethiopia and tanzania, we explored the potential for smallscale irrigation to contribute to improved diets, and identify the pathways through which irrigation affects dietary diversity as measured by the. The actually irrigated area has not been estimated but field assessments in small scale irrigation projects indicate that some irrigation schemes are not operating. Table of contents introduction 1 about this technical guide. Extending the watering window may allow lower flows, resulting in significant sav. The groundwater yield and depth was estimated from british geological survey. Ppiaf has supported a number of publicprivate partnership ppp activities in the irrigation sector and has built a critical mass of knowledge on ways to effectively involve the private sector in financing and managing such facilitiesin particular using new approaches to project development, transaction design, and publicprivate arrangements. Agriculture in ethiopia is the foundation of the countrys economy, accounting for half of gross domestic product gdp, 83. Ethiopia has abundant rainfall and water resources, but its agricultural system does not yet fully benefit from the technologies of water management and irrigation awulachew et al. The impact of small scale irrigation on household income.
Ethiopias irrigation investment has boosted economy quartz. Ethiopia irrigation market brie 1 chapter 1 overview agriculture and the economy the federal democratic republic of ethiopia is a landlocked country. Pdf irrigation potential in ethiopia constraints and opportunities. The impact of small scale irrigation on income of rural farm households. Water use and irrigation management of agronomic crops.
Irrigation potential in ethiopia ethiopian agriculture. Ethiopia is dotted with small farms, and agriculture is the industry which engages most of the population. Irrigation development program idp to put an additional 273,829 ha under irrigation, an increase of 5 per cent of currently irrigated farmlands, within its 15year plan period of 20022016. In ethiopia, some 80 percent of the population is affected. The report summarizes a number of the past and existing irrigation projects in ethiopia. Ethiopia has seen the fastest growth in irrigation of any african country. Smallscale irrigation in tigray, ethiopia farm africa. Bache and chesworth stressed that supplementary irrigation has been practiced by small holder farmers of ethiopia for centuries to solve their livelihood challenges. Similarly in mustahil and kelafo woredas, the project participants all had prior and often long experience of pump irrigation.
Assessing potential land suitable for surface irrigation. Irrigation in ethiopia is considered as a basic strategy to alleviate poverty and hence food security. Irrigation can be scheduled anytime, even during active use, without worry about increased evaporation during the day. Traditional smallscale irrigation development in ethiopia has a hist ory of antiquity. Challenges and opportunities of smallscale irrigation. Pdf water resources and irrigation development in ethiopia.
Ethiopia is planning to expand irrigated agriculture to help support its rapidly growing population and reduce its dependency on the import of sugar. Establishing and strengthening irrigation water users associations iwuas in ethiopia 2 overview of the training title of training establishing and strengthening irrigation water users associations in ethiopia. Inexpensive smallscale irrigation ssi can effectively build the resilience of vulnerable farming households by reducing their reliance. Appia is a french acronym meaning improving irrigation performance in africa. Irrigation market brief food and agriculture organization. The impact of small scale irrigation on income of rural. Challenges and opportunities of smallscale irrigation utilization in rift valley basin, humbo woreda, ethiopia abebaw abiyu mesfin tebeje college of agriculture, wolaita sodo university, p. Irrigation development programme iied international institute for environment and development irc international rescue committee.
Assessing the challenges of irrigation development in. Over the past two decades, primary school enrollments have quadrupled, child mortality has been cut in half, and the number of people with access to clean water has more than doubled. In ethiopia, modern irrigation began in the 1950s through private and governmentowned schemes in the middle awash valley where big. Irrigation of horticultural crops advanced practices. Pdf challenges and opportunities of small scale irrigation. Sprinkler systems deliver water with approximate efficiencies of 70% to 75%, depending on the system and environmental conditions. The impact of small scale irrigation on household income in. Introduction the appia project is funded by the french government and implemented by iwmi. Improving smallscale irrigation performance in ethiopia through on the job training of extension officers. Ethiopia in the awash river basin, 110 km southeast of addis ababa. Ethiopias irrigation sector and future development potential 16 1. Ethiopia food and agriculture organization of the united nations.
A third of ethiopias gdp is generated through agriculture, and more. Irrigation contributes to rapid transformation of agriculture as presentday agriculture is dominated by rainfed single crops. Sustains soil biological and chemical activity and mineralization during dry periods in seasonally dry areas, irrigation water artificially extends the time period in which soil. Importance of irrigated agriculture to the ethiopian economy iwmi. A second ripple study kaur et al, 2010 assessed the effectiveness of smallscale irrigation as a climate adaptation intervention in ethiopia. The gumselassa irrigation system was constructed in 1995 by the regional government to initiate complementary irrigation in the area, which usually starts around in january and extends to june. The wonjishoa sugar estate lies downstream of the koka dam in the central rift valley of. Potential land suitable for irrigable was mapped by multicriteria evaluation. Integrated management of the blue nile basin in ethiopia. Ethiopia irrigation were practiced have long been in use since from the prehistoric time for producing subsistence food crops 6. In order to ensure a seamless technology transition to precision irrigation, netafim provides ongoing agrotechnical support to the local operations team.
Where water supply or irrigation scheduling is problematic, subsurface irrigation may be used to extend the watering window. Drip irrigation is an ideal solution for irregular or small areas. Small scale and micro irrigation support project small. Ethiopia has been highly affected by drought and climaterelated hazards, and millions of people have been left without sustenance every year. The government of ethiopia has identifiedsmallscale irrigation as an important component of adaptation goe, 2010.
Pdf i executive summary irrigation in ethiopian agriculture this report argues that water resource management in agriculture is a critical contributor. Feasibility studies for irrigation development in ethiopia. The world bank financed the ethiopian nile irrigation and drainage feasibility studies. Some water is unavoidably lost during the delivery to the crop. Ethiopias irrigation investment has boosted economy. In ethiopia, the government and development partners show a growing interest in developing irrigation projects. The success of irrigation projects is determined by governance and sociocultural contexts. This is believed to be the most prominent way of sustainable development in the country. In ethiopia, modern irrigation began in the 1950s through private and governmentowned schemes in the middle awash valley where big sugar, fruit and cotton state farms are found 8. The surface water resource potential is impressive, but little developed. The study found that smallscale irrigation is a potentially valuable component. Investment in small scale irrigation ssi is crucial to sustain food security and livelihoods of smallholders. The country is presently committing huge investments to develop irrigation infrastructure with.
Inline drip irrigation limits the potential for liability by reducing or eliminating overspray on buildings. Crop water requirement was computed for the major crops growing in ethiopia. Aug 04, 2015 the impact of small scale irrigation on income of rural farm households. Box 8, wolaita sodo, ethiopia abstract ethiopia has abundant water resources, but its agricultural system does not yet fully benefit from the. Assessment of the impact of smallscale irrigation on. The country possesses twelve major river basins, which form four major drainage systems. Abraham gebrehiwot yihdego 1, addis adera gebru 2, mesfintilahun gelaye 3. To increase productivity and diversify the livelihood scenarios as an option, smallscale irrigation ssi schemes have been introduced. Evaluating the pathways from smallscale irrigation to. The nile is predominantly utilized for irrigation purposes in ethiopia and sudan, and for irrigation, hydropower, industrial and domestic use in egypt, although irrigation still demands the largest portion. The market for small scale irrigation in ethiopia drts. A third of ethiopias gdp is generated through agriculture, and more than 12 million households rely on smallscale. Water harvesting combined with soil moisture management, where deficit and supplementary irrigation techniques are adopted in rainfed areas e. It is useful to transform the rainfed agricultural system which depends on rainfall into the combined rainfed and irrigation agricultural system.
Irrigation in ethiopia world bank strengths, strategies, and recommendations for effective development country briefing for ipol 8529. Target trainers of iwuas promoters in ethiopia, including staff of public institutions in charge of. Improving small scale irrigation performance in ethiopia. Smallscale irrigation in the ethiopian highlands overseas. This study is an attempt to quantify the actual and expected contribution of irrigation to the ethiopian national economy for 200506 cropping. What are some of the environmental factors that may influence the type of irrigation used. Jan 22, 2020 irrigation use in ethiopia dates back several centuries, and continues to be an integral part of ethiopian agriculture.
History of irrigation in ethiopia the ethiopian agriculture history stated that irrigation was practiced before centuries but the system to apply is much traditional. Ethiopia s irrigation sector and future development potential 16 1. Business model and suitability mapping approaches 7 adapted business model framework for solar pump irrigation 7 data and sources of information for business model development 11 background analysis for solar pump irrigation business models 12. In florida, most agronomic crops are irrigated by sprinkler irrigation systems. Small farmers in subsaharan africa are witnessing both drought and flooding increasingly often, and their harvests are suffering. Irrigation water is commonly used to lower the freezing temperature in orchard systems during threats of damaging frost c.
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